Monday 2 July 2012

Chimeras and other genetically modified lifeforms

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/9020873/Horizon-Playing-God-BBC-Two-review.html



There is a lot of debate regarding genetically modified crops being accepted into the food chain, and a tremendous amount of misinformation on both sides of the debate, so it is probably not that big a surprise that the research being carried out on animals is being kept well away from the media, to the extent that any potential leak of information is immediately quashed with extreme prejudice. The revolution that was cloning was a perfect test bed for public attitudes to genetic engineering, and after the reaction to the semi-successful cloning of Dolly the sheep was less than rapturous there has been a decision that the public are not ready to know what is going on, but some information is beginning to come to light, and some it it makes quite terrifying reading. Lets start with a project that came into being because it was discovered that demand for silk was increasing at a rate faster than traditional production methods. Now, what would happen if you could take the genes that allow caterpillars to produce silk and put then into the genes of another animal? Say one that produces milk, so that the silk proteins could be passed out of the animal in the milk and then harvested? Sounds completely crazy, right? Wrong, it has already been done, and goats are the chosen recipients of caterpillar and Spider genetic material and the experiment has already been a success.

Now how about something ever more odd? How about a cow that can safely produce four calves with each gestation? Again, sounds something of a challenge but by combining the egg production and ovulation controlling genes of dogs with those of a cow this is not only possible but has already been achieved. So, you begin to get the idea that the genetic modification of animals has been going on for a while and is at quite an advanced level. Certainly these experiments have been going on in the UK since 1965 and they go far further than modifying farm animals. Two key centres are in the Scottish Highlands based out of a DEFRA agricultural research station ostensibly carrying out crop testing but in reality researching the combination of human and animal DNA to create hybrid organisms, and the Porton Down test facility where experiments hybridising simian and canine genetic material to create new variants for military purposes. Taking the first of these, the Highland facility is primarily focused on creating enhanced military personnel by combining the best human specimens with highly aggressive traits in predatory species, particularly wolves and leopards. This is in part the reason that the reintroduction of wolves and big cats to the Scottish Highlands is such a hot topic. Such an introduction would allow greater freedom for wider scale experimentation since any sightings by the public could be passed off as merely wild animal sightings.

The Porton Down centre is rather different as here the purpose is to enhance the intellectual capacity of non-human military combatants, particularly dogs and monkeys for the purpose of delivering explosives and guidance beacons to hard to reach targets. The principle behind this is that certain situations are unsuitable for drone vehicles and too dangerous for human combatants but traditional military animals are not intelligent enough for complex tasks. The hybrid animals or chimera being produced have the appearance of large dogs but the intellectual of chimpanzee in terms of learning complex commands and sequences of instructions. Together these projects form just one phase of a UK and US collaborative research programme that has been responsible for the increasing number of crypto-zoological sightings in remote wilderness areas, particularly around agricultural and medical research bases in these areas. These are also the cause of many of the cattle mutilations and the black helicopter sightings as these creations are trailed using infra red technology. Further advances are being made all the time and it won't be long before these new technologies are released into the mainstream media.

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