According
to the official records of the Grand Lodge of England the first Grand
Lodge was established in London on 24th June 1717 at a
dinner organised by four existing lodges of freemasons. The earliest
masonic text has been dated to 1390 in the form of a poem known as
the “Regius Manuscript” giving details of geometry and guidance
as to the operation of a lodge and the role of the master. Although
the exact origins of the movement that we know today as freemasonry
are shrouded in mystery there are some known points of reference. It
is clear that written references to the association of masons into
fraternal brotherhoods was occurring on an ad hoc basis for many
years before the structure of an overarching organisation was
established. It is also clear from looking at the style, format and
operation of masonic lodges that many of the ceremonies and offices
refer back to antiquity, but what there has never been is a clearly
defined link between freemasonry as it is practised today and the
origins of masonry as a material construction practise.
Looking
at this from the other direction we see a clear distinction between
the construction techniques of early civilisations of the Indus
Valley in India and the Mesopotamian area of Bablyon, Ur and Kush
where buildings, both domestic and monumental were constructed of
baked mud bricks and ceramic tiles, and the slightly later
civilisation of Ancient Egypt where for the first time we see
monumental structures created from carved stone blocks. It may seen
odd that Egypt was a region that began building in stone given that,
as with the Mesopotamian and Indus Valley regions, the area of
occupation was largely based around fertile river flood plains, and
many domestic Egyptian buildings retained the mud brick construction,
as did many of the mastaba tombs and early temple structures. There
have been any number of suggestions about where the inspiration to
carve stone into blocks and use them to build monumental structures
but the most likely source seems to be the introduction of technology
from an earlier era in the late neolithic, a time when several
European populations were developing the use of large blocks of
worked stone to create megalithic stone circles. It is interesting to
note the similarity between the construction and stone working
techniques used in the construction of Stonehenge for example, and
the techniques used to erect lintel stones in Egyptian Temple
structure doorways.
Taking
these two threads from opposite directions, the question arises,
could there be a ancient European tradition of stone working, as a
precursor to masonry into which the modern freemasonry movement taps?
If this were the case it raises several interesting thoughts,
thoughts which have parallels in accusations levelled at freemasons
throughout their official history. For many years freemasons have
been suspected of holding esoteric knowledge, and of practising pagan
religions, these accusations rising to suggestions of Satanism and
Witchcraft, and if there were a link to prehistoric stone workers
then we are looking at an organisation with roots in pre-Christian
Europe, a Europe described by the Christian Romans as barbaric,
heathen, Pagan and known from Greek and Roman historians to practise
blood sacrifices to horned deities. It certainly seems to be at least
a possibility that the insistence of masonic lodges that they are not
Christian organisations, venerating the “Great Architect” rather
than the Christian God, and the use of ritualised ceremonies that
have been used, in a modified form by Occultists for the last three
hundred years at least may owe something to a retained and secret
history of the religious practices of pre-Christian Europe, combined
with the secret religions of Ancient Egypt with its beliefs in
immanent Gods in a polytheistic pantheon.
It is
unlikely that evidence for such a link would be known, even the
majority of todays freemasons, given the necessity for secrecy over
the last two millennia of the rise of Christianity and the Catholic
Church, but it does lead to some interesting possible explanations
for some of the more unusual aspects of freemasonry today.