World
War II was a tremendous opportunity for the American government and
military to assess the training and subsequent action of troops in
the field. Based on the work of Lieutenant Colonel Dave Grossman in
his seminal psychological work “On killing” only 15 to 25% of
combat infantry troops in WWII were able to take kill shots when
opportunity presented. This research, carried out both in field and
in subsequent training led to a decision by the American military to
address training issues and increase this percentage. By the Korean
War the figure had risen to 60% and by the Vietnam War to an
impressive 90%. One of the key issues raised by anti-war protesters
through the Vietnam era was the incredible level of brutality seen
throughout the military units deployed in theatre. The reasons for
this success in military terms have been thoroughly analysed and the
official story is that a combination of Pavlovian operant
conditioning and enhanced selection processes created an environment
in which infantry troopers could be developed to effectively kill on
command. The truth is somewhat more challenging and in part at least
explains the increase in the incidence of post traumatic stress
disorder, and the increased difficulty that veterans experience in
re-integrating with mainstream society.
Through
the 1950's there was a program sponsored by the CIA and US military
and run by Princeton University to develop chemical stimulants that
would alter the brain chemistry of frontline soldiers. The chosen
drug was a combination of LSD, amphetamine and a cocktail of
endorphin triggers. As a side note, variants of these cocktails
entered the mainstream drug market in the 1980's and 90's as ecstasy
or MDMA and produced an opposite effect, but that is a story for
another article. Returning to the supersoldier program, designated
top secret black by the Pentagon, and trialled through covert
operations in South and Central America under the codename Project
Hollowpoint there was a move to enhance the infantry intake through a
secret project of drug stimulation. As a matter of course, recruits
to the US military are given a full suite of inoculation injections
against major diseases, and within this program the designer
chemicals created to enhance aggression and controllability were
administered in addition. It is interesting to note that post 1956
there was a marked increase in “training accidents” on US
military training posts. This was the direct result of attempts to
create more aggressive, more lethal soldiers.
The
program was a success as far as the aims of the military are
concerned. The natural “Gung Ho” attitude of the American soldier
has been enhanced and his aggression increased to the point that he
is truly a lethal killing machine. There have been numerous attempts
to bring this information into the mainstream. David Morrell, the
author of the 1972 book “Rambo – First Blood” was linked to CIA
intelligence operations in Vietnam and wrote the novel in part to
highlight the effect of the supersoldier program on troopers
returning to the US after the Vietnam war. It is again interesting to
note that Morrells wikipedia entry makes no mention of his
Intelligence service background but states that he is an honorary
member of the Special Operations Association and the Association of
Former Intelligence Officers, as well as being a graduate of the
National Outdoor Leadership School, a survivalist group that is run
by ex-special forces infantrymen.
The
damage caused to US services personnel ensures that this is one
secret that the US government will never release, but the evidence is
there if you care to look for it.
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