The
year is 1950, and the Western World is recovering from the second
World War and the austerity that people had suffered was still in
place. As part of the push towards recovery there was a decision
taken that any measures necessary to encourage higher production from
agriculture should be taken. New crops, development of better
pesticides and fertilizers and changes in farming practice were all
implemented, highlighted in the United States by the official
“fenceline to fenceline” policy of maximising the cultivated area
of farmland. Part of this shift was a significant increase in the
cultivation of corn crops, and therein lies a fundamental problem.
For years the food and soft drink industry had been at the mercy of
sugar prices, subject to the vagaries of the futures markets and
financial speculation, but this was about to end. Corn produces an
interesting by-product, corn syrup, a substance that is sweeter than
sugar, and considerably cheaper.
This
was an incredible boon, particularly for the soft drink industry, but
there was an issue. Sugar breaks done into sucrose, a sugar that
provides food for the body and breaks down easily into the bodies
fuel glucose. Corn syrup however breaks down into fructose, sometimes
known as fruit sugar, which has a far greater tendency to be
converted by the body into fat, and particularly intra-abdominal fat,
the hidden secret in the obesity epidemic. Now, given that corn syrup
is sweeter than sugar you might expect that this problem was reduced
by the need for lower quantities, but what is interesting is that
rather than using less corn syrup, drinks manufacturers actually use
more, having to adjust the flavours of drinks to artificially reduce
their sweetness. Why would this be the case?
The
answer comes, not from food science as you might expect, but from
sociology and psychology. Research was conducted into the habits and
tendencies of consumers and it was found that there was a link
between increased levels of fructose sugars and the release of
endorphins in the brain, pleasure chemicals that create a feeling of
euphoria. This led to a shift in the way in which soft drinks were
marketed, with a greater emphasis on fun and enjoyment, but that was
not all. As the consequence of higher corn syrup consumption were
beginning to be seen in rising obesity rates it was found that not
only was corn syrup mildly addictive, but that obesity was linked to
depression, and the euphoric effect of fructose alleviated some of
the symptoms of depression. So, a growing obesity problem tended to
lead to higher consumption of “comfort” drinks, which in turn led
to an increase in fructose consumption, creating a vicious circle of
increasing morbidity.
An
interesting side story was the discovery that increased obesity and
increased fructose consumption there is a greater tendency towards
both mental and physical lethargy, creating a far more coercive and
biddable population, less prone to protest and insurrection. This was
in large part the reason for governments of all political stripes
being very reticent to legislate against drinks manufacturers and the
use of fructose. Indeed, there was almost no research data released
into the increasing obesity epidemic until the 1980's despite the
problem being widely researched since the 1960's. The earlier data
was classified and suppressed by the FDA and the CDC in America, and
similar research projects in Europe were funded by American corporate
interest, and persuaded not to release their findings.
All in
all, a classic case of the modification of society to meet the
unofficial needs of the elite. Ask yourself why the elite have been
largely unaffected by obesity, and why the poorest members of society
are the most heavily affected.
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